The US-Chinese rivalry in the Middle East region after 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i56.244Keywords:
Competition, the United States, China, the Middle EastAbstract
The Middle East is a milestone on the map of the conflict of geopolitical and economic interests between China and the United States, especially when China began to creep strongly towards the top of the international system as a revisionist force in the structure of the system, which made the United States review its policies towards China, and began to shift from the policy of strategic partnership that prevailed after the end of the Cold War at the international level to strategic. This reality will naturally withdraw from the international system to the subsystems, including the Middle East, which receives great attention from each of them, and it is clear from these indicators that China will face the American strategic competition and blockade in its vital field with a policy of balance outside the field, and avoid the United States moving east by moving through giant economic linkages, such as the Belt and Road Initiative, which all pass through the Middle East.
References
السلمي, محمد بن صقر. 2021. التنافس الأمريكي-الصيني وانعكاساته على منطقة الشرق الأوسط. 22 أبريل. https://rasanah-iiis.org/
العاطي, عمر عبد. 2019. "جدل حول احتمالات الحرب الباردة بين الصين والولايات المتحدة ." المجلة السياسة الدولية ( العدد 218): ص246.
بو خضور, حجاج . 2019. التطورات الإقليمية والدولية وتأثيراتها الاقتصادية على دول الخليج وامن الطاقة. بيروت: الدار العربية للعلوم ناشرون.
بولاك, كينيث; روس, دينس. 2021. بايدن بحاجة إلى استراتيجية للشرق الأوسط لتجنب أزمات جديدة. 10 Aug . https://www.washingtoninstitute.org .
راند, دافنا; , أندرو ميللر. 2020. إعادة الاشتباك في الشرق الأوسط، رؤية جديدة لسياسات الولايات المتحدة الأميركية. 16 11. https://www.brookings.edu .
روبنز, مايكل. ٢٠٢١. التنافس الأمريكي الصيني يمتد إلى الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا. ١١ يناير . https://www.arabbarometer.org/ar/2022/0 .
سكوبيل, أندرو; نادر , علي رظا ;. 2021. الصين في الشرق الأوسط: التنين الحذر. 13 11. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1200/RR1229/RAND_RR1229z1.arabic.pdf .
صن, ديجانج. 2020. التنافس الاستراتيجي الامريكي – الصيني من الحرب الباردة الى الحرب التكنولوجية. 30 Aug. https://araa.sa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5267:2020-08-27-07-23-19&catid=4368&Itemid=172.
فريفيلد, دانيال. 2010. "التنين الصيني في الخليج." مجلة المجلة ، الشركة السعودية للأبحاث والنشر (العدد ( 155)): ص 27 ـ 28.
قحطان, حارث. 2010تكريت. "الاستراتيجية الامريكية تجاه الشرق الاوسط مرحلة مابعد احداث سبتمبر." مجلة جامعة تكريت للعلوم القانونية والسياسية ( العدد 6): ص 78.
كلاوسون, پاتريك; هندرسون, سايمون. ٢٠١٦. سياسة الطاقة: أمريكا والشرق الأوسط في عصر الوفرة النفطية، تحليل السياسات. ٢٧ يوليو. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/.
مطر, ظفر عبد. 2021. "الإستراتيجية الصينية في الشرق الأوسط بين المتغيرات والثوابت." مجلة لارك للفلسفة واللسانيات والعلوم الاجتماعية (جامعة واسط ) (العدد40 ): ص 89.
موناكال, نديم احمد. 2022. ابعاد تنافس الولايات المتحدة والصين وتأثيره على الشرق الاوسط،. 9 July. https://www%.ae/ar/topic/sino-american-competition-and-its-impact-on-the-middle-eas.
نيكولاس هيراس. 2022. الأسلحة الصينية تبرز كبديل للأمريكية بالشرق الأوسط. 23 7. https://arabicpost.net.
هاشم, فراس عباس. 2021. السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية تجاه الشرق الأوسط: المرتكزات الجديدة. 24 Mar. https://democraticac.de.
المصادر باللغة الانكليزية :
Al-Sulami, Muhammad bin Saqr. 2021. "altanafus al'amrikii-alisiyniu waneikasatuh ealaa mintaqat alsharq al'awsat [The US-Chinese rivalry and its repercussions on the Middle East region]". April 22nd. https://rasanah-iiis.org/.
Al-Ati, Omar Abd. 2019. “Debate Over Cold War Potential between China and the United States.” International Policy Journal (Issue 218): p. 246.
Bou Khaddour, Hajjaj. 2019. altatawurat al'iiqlimiat walduwaliat watathiratuha alaiqtisadiat ealaa dual alkhalij wamin altaaqati [Regional and international developments and their economic impacts on the Gulf states and energy security]. Beirut: Arab House of Science Publishers.
Pollack, Kenneth; Ross, Dennis. 2021. "Biden needs a Middle East strategy to avoid new crises". 10 Aug. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org.
Rand, Dafna; , Andrew Miller. 2020. "Re-engagement in the Middle East, a new vision for the policies of the United States of America". 16 11. https://www.brookings.edu.
Robbins, Michael. 2021. "The US-Chinese rivalry extends to the Middle East and North Africa". January 11 https://www.arabbarometer.org/ar/2022/0 .
Scobell, Andrew; Nader, Ali Raza; 2021. "alsiyn fi alsharq al'awsata: altiniyn alhadhr[China in the Middle East: The Cautious Dragon]". 13 11. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1200/RR1229/RAND_RR1229z1.arabic.pdf .
Sun, Degang. 2020. "The US-Chinese Strategic Rivalry from the Cold War to the Technological War". 30 Aug. https://araa.sa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5267:2020-08-27-07-23-19&catid=4368&Itemid=172 .
Freefield, Daniel. 2010. “Chinese Dragon in the Gulf.” Majalla Journal, Saudi Research and Publishing Company (Issue (155)): pp. 27-28.
Qahtan, Harith. 2010 Tikrit. " alastiratijiat alamrikiat tujah alsharq alawsat marhalat mabed ahdath sibtambar [The US strategy towards the Middle East]", the post-9/11 phase. Tikrit University Journal of Legal and Political Sciences (Issue 6): p. 78.
Clawson, Patrick; Henderson, Simon. 2016." Energy Policy: America and the Middle East in an Era of Oil Abundance", Policy Analysis. July 27. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org /.
Matar, Zafar Abd. 2021. “Chinese Strategy in the Middle East Between Variables and Constants.” Lark Journal of Philosophy, Linguistics and Social Sciences (University of Wasit) (Issue 40): p. 89.
Monakal, Nadeem Ahmed. 2022. " abead tanafus alwilayat almutahidat walsiyn watathiruh ealaa alsharq alawist [Dimensions of US-China competition and its impact on the Middle East]". July 9. https://www%.ae/ar/topic/sino-american-competition-and-its-impact-on-the-middle-eas .
Nicholas Heras. 2022. "Chinese weapons emerge as an alternative to the US in the Middle East". 23 7. https://arabicpost.net .
Hashem, Firas Abbas. 2021. "American Foreign Policy towards the Middle East: The New Pillars". Mar 24 https://democraticac.de.
Singh, Michael. 2020. China and the United States in the Middle East: Between Dependency and Rivalry. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64473-4_18
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal Policies
All articles published in the International and Political Journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This means that the Authors can:
The journal allows reuse and remixing of content in accordance with a Creative Commons license.
Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Policy of publishing in The International and Political Journal
The journal is committed to the ethics of scientific publishing, and according to the publication ethics report of the journal.
The decision to publish is based on the value of the scientific research, to what extent it meets the conditions of publication approved, the declared policy of the journal, and its specialty.
It is based on the principles of the scientific honesty, and originality of research submitted for publication. It deals with the names of reviewers and their reports with great confidentiality.
The opinions published in the journal reflect the views of the authors, and not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board.
The journal does not adhere to the publication of whatever comes to it. The time and place of publication are subject to technical considerations adopted in the editorial plan of the journal.
The journal does not abide to return the research papers to their owners whether accepted for publication or not.
The researcher is to be provided with the acceptance of publication within about 24 WEEKS. As for publication, the editorial board reserves its right in priority of publishing. The arrangement of the research papers in the same issue is subject to technical standards.
Diversify of publishing papers from solid universities and scientific centers from inside and outside Iraq is preferable.
The journal maintains hard copies and electronic archive of the published issues in addition to the publication of the research papers.
The journal also publishes the issues electronically through the website of the journal, and the official website of the Iraqi academic journals, and makes it possible to download. Thus, documenting the intellectual property of the research papers and publishing them internationally is achieved.
Terms of publication may be modified when necessary with no previous notice.
The researcher obtains a copy of his research paper. If he wishes to buy acopy of the journal, the volume costs ID 10000 from inside Iraq and $8from the outside.
The Editorial Board considers that the researcher who submits his research paper for publication in the journal has already read the terms and conditions of publication and agreed on them.
The journal publishes the research papers of the postgraduate students in special issues for this purpose.
Stages of editing and publishing:
The researcher undertakes that his research has never been published before, and has not been submitted for publication to other sides until the end of the evaluation procedures and the acceptance of publication in the journal.
The research papers submitted for publication are to subjected for preliminary examination by the editorial board to determine their suitability for the journal specialization, its policy and the safety of scientific research procedures, and then to indicate its eligibility for scientific evaluation. The editorial board may apologize for accepting the research all together or require the researcher to amend it in accordance with the journal policy before sending it to editors.
After conducting the scientific evaluation, the research paper returns back to the researcher to make the required amendments within a maximum of two weeks.
A copy of the final research paper is to be submitted to the secretariat of the journal a hard copy and a soft copy on a CD, in both Word and PDF format. The researcher is fully responsible for the typing and linguistic mistakes after submitting the full research paper on a CD.
Plagiarism checker
All research papers are subjected to Turnitin program to uncover plagiarism before being sent to scientific evaluation. The researcher undertakes a written pledge to take the legal and moral responsibility, in the event of the emergence of plagiarism or taking from the efforts of other researchers, without a reference to them. The journal uses appropriate anti-plagiarism software, such as Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct
The Journal shall take reasonable and serious steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication.
Scientific Evaluation:
Scientific evaluation strengthens the research paper submitted to the journal and helps to take the appropriate decision by the editorial board to publish it. It also benefits the researchers to improve and correct their research papers.
The research paper is sent to three evaluators in the same specialty to evaluate