The dynamics of congruent and conflicting perceptions in the South China Sea region—and their repercussions—warrant examination.
the international and political journal
Abstract
The South China Sea constitutes a highly complex geopolitical space among the international actors within it. This complexity stems, in part, from China’s cumulative "geo-developmental" projects—such as the construction of islands, ports, and a "digital silk road"—which create structural dependency. These initiatives are coupled with a diplomatic approach that favors exclusive bilateralism for conflict resolution, alongside civilizational narratives designed to "humanize" China’s historical claims—all with the ultimate goal of establishing control over the sea. Conversely, regional states face the dilemma of "violated sovereignty," as their overlapping claims lead to on-the-ground competition for resources. This dynamic undermines the effectiveness of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in serving the interests of all its members, and complicates the drafting and implementation of a binding code of conduct. This crisis-ridden environment has triggered an intense strategic scramble among regional and international powers, which are leveraging security and economic cooperation—as well as military alliances—to implement deterrence and protect their supply lines. This process has effectively led to the "securitized internationalization" of the region, aimed at curbing China’s ambitions as a revisionist power
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