The impact of US policy on international relations: Brazil as a model for the period (1991-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i65.539Keywords:
The impact, US policy, Brazil, development, goalsAbstract
After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States emerged as the sole superpower on the international scene. It adopted a globalization strategy to strengthen its economic and political hegemony, particularly in Latin America, through initiatives such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). However, these policies faced resistance from emerging regional states, most notably Brazil, which sought to promote independent regional integration through the Mercosur bloc, with the aim of preserving its economic and political sovereignty. Following the September 11, 2001, attacks, US foreign policy was characterized by a unilateralist approach and a focus on counterterrorism, which led to a decline in interest in Latin America, despite some forms of cooperation with Brazil. The Obama administration then attempted to adopt a more multilateral and inclusive policy, with a focus on environmental issues and human rights. Under Donald Trump's presidency (2017-2021), US-Latin American relations witnessed increasing tensions due to the adoption of a protectionist "America First" policy, a focus on immigration issues, and limiting Chinese influence. There was a clear rapprochement with the right-wing administration in Brazil. The Joe Biden administration, on the other hand, has adopted an institutional approach focused on strengthening democracy and climate cooperation, while some environmental disputes with Brazil persist, particularly regarding the protection of the Amazon rainforest. These stages highlight the fluctuations in US-Latin American relations, as US economic and political hegemony conflicts with the desire of the region's countries, led by Brazil, to achieve relative independence and enhance regional integration.
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