The modern state in the thought of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
the international and political journal
Keywords:
Modern State, National Independence, National Unity, Ataturk, Turkey.Abstract
The day of the end of Ottoman rule in 1923 was a turning point in the history of the Turkish nation, as this event heralded the beginning of the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic. The Turks attribute the founding of this republic to the military leader Mustafa Kemal, who was nicknamed ‘Ataturk’, as he was a spiritual father and national symbol for many Turks.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk rose to prominence when the Ottoman authorities assigned him to lead a number of their military campaigns in Tripoli, Aleppo, Antioch and elsewhere, as he demonstrated military experience and acumen in leading these campaigns. He also participated in World War I, emerging from it with the rank of general.
The most prominent stations in Mustafa Kemal Ataturk’s career were his participation in the wars of independence and liberation, which resulted in the liberation of large parts of Turkish lands that had been occupied by the British and French during World War I.
Ataturk led an armed resistance movement in 1919 and was able to achieve a major military achievement represented by the liberation of all Turkish lands in the summer of 1922. After the end of the war of liberation and independence, the Civil Council, which included representatives of the popular forces, signed an agreement with the great powers known as the famous Lausanne Treaty in 1923, which recognized Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as the leader of the country. After the liberation, the struggle began over the form of the political system, as Ataturk decided to establish a party known as the Republican People's Party and hold legislative elections. The elections resulted in the victory of the Republican People's Party and the selection of Ataturk as President of the Republic. Ataturk was able to extend his control over the executive institutions while maintaining the majority within the legislative institution. He worked hard to issue new constitutions that strengthened the position of the new Turkish National Assembly and its intellectual orientations, which were the prevailing doctrine of the political system, namely (republican, nationalist, popular, statist, revolutionary, secular). Major changes also occurred in the form of the state and its political and social system.
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