Minority Quota In Democratic Countries' Election Systems: A Comparative Analytical Study
the international and political journal
Keywords:
: Consensual Democracy, Quota, Minorities, Iraq, Lebanon.Abstract
The measure of the success of any democracy in the world is through knowing its political system and its ability to deal with all social classes in the state, including the social differences that these classes include, whether religious or ethnic. The concept of citizenship remains incomplete without allowing minorities to participate at all levels, whether social or political, in the state, and thus democracy is a double-edged sword. Therefore, knowing the ability of that political system is determined by its ability to manage minorities and its success in integrating them into the social fabric and granting them all the rights stipulated in the constitution. Iraq and Lebanon are countries in which religious and ethnic minorities have existed since ancient times, and these minorities in both countries have faced many disputes and problems to recognize them and guarantee their rights in the constitution. To achieve this, the two countries sought to implement the model of consensual democracy. The Iraqi constitution of 2005 guaranteed the right of all minorities to parliamentary representation after they were deprived of this right during the era of dictatorial rule. In Lebanon, the application of consensual democracy came in a way that was considered an appropriate solution to the problem of the Lebanese components, as Lebanon was considered one of the most prominent countries in the application of consensual democracy, which included the division of powers in an almost equal manner between the main ethnic components.
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