The correlation of power and opposition between intellectual dialectics and determinants of rational organization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i56.262Keywords:
Power, Opposition, Legitimacy, Competitive Advantage, Coexistence.Abstract
The most ancient societies are witnessing political phenomena that are attracted to two main axes: authority and opposition, to form an authentic social-political entity inseparable from human thought. Although the presence of political authority is necessary to lift society out of a state of chaos, organize its relations, impose the law, and invest its energies in an optimal manner, it does not hide the disparity in privileges between those holding power and those subject to it. This situation stimulates arbitrary mechanisms that tempt the ruling elites to cling to power. At the same time, it opens the justificatory and necessary space for the emergence and nourishment of opposition as a social reaction to control the course of the political situation. This is in addition to ensuring its stability outcomes in accordance with individual and collective interests as an actor that cannot be ignored or dispensed with, considering the dynamics and determinants of mutual influence between the authority and the opposition to maintain the sustainability and continued legitimacy of the political system.
References
- اميدي، سربست مصطفى رشيد. 2011. المعارضة السياسية والضمانات الدستورية لعملها -دراسة قانونية،سياسية،تحليلية،مقارنة . ط1. دهوك : مؤسسة موكرياني للبحوث والنشر . مطبعة خاني .
- أودونيل، غيليرمر و شميتر، فيليب س. 2007. الانتقالات من الحكم السلطوي-استنتاجات أولية حول الديموقراطيات غير المؤكدة . ترجمة: صلاح تقي الدين . ط1. بغداد: معهد الدراسات الاستراتيجية .
- بلقزيز، عبد الاله وآخرون . 2001. المعارضة والسلطة في الوطن العربي-أزمة المعارضة السياسية العربية. ط1. بيروت : مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية .
- توفيق ، اشرف مصطفى . المعارضة . القاهرة : العربي للنشر والتوزيع .
- تيليغا، كريستيان. 2016. علم النفس السياسي-رؤى نقدية. ترجمة: اسامة الغزولي. الكويت: المجلس الوطني للثقافة والفنون والآداب . سلسلة عالم المعرفة 436 .
- الجاسور ، ناظم عبدالواحد . 2008 . موسوعة المصطلحات السياسية والفلسفية والدولية . ط1. بيروت : دار النهضة العربية .
- دوفرجيه، موريس . 1992. المؤسسات السياسية والقانون الدستوري الأنظمة السياسية الكبرى . ترجمة : جورج سعد . ط1. بيروت: المؤسسة الجامعية للدراسات والنشر والتوزيع .
- ديلو، ستيفين و ديل، تيموثي . 2010. التفكير السياسي والنظرية السياسية والمجتمع المدني . ترجمة وتقديم : ربيع وهبه . ط1 . القاهرة : المركز القومي للترجمة .
- راسل ، برتراند . 1961 . السلطة والفرد . ترجمة : شاهر الحمود .ط1. بيروت : دار الطليعة .
- زريق ، برهان .2008. امكانات وماكنة الحرية والديمقراطية في المشروع النهضوي العربي الراهن-رؤية استشرافية. ط1. دمشق : دار علاء الدين للنشر والتوزيع والترجمة .
- الشاوي، منذر. 2015 . فلسفة الحياة السياسية . ط1. بغداد : دار الذاكرة للنشر والتوزيع .
- هاي ، كولن وآخرون . 2019 . الدولة نظريات وقضايا . ترجمة : أمين الايوبي .ط1. بيروت : المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات .
- هلال، علي الدين. 2019. الانتقال إلى الديمقراطية-ماذا يستفيد العرب من تجارب الآخرين؟. الكويت: المجلس الوطني للثقافة والفنون والآداب . سلسلة عالم المعرفة 479.
المصادر باللغة الانكليزية :
- Al-Jassoor, Nazem Abdel-Wahed. 2008. [Encyclopedia of political, philosophical and international terms]. 1st edition. Beirut: Arab Renaissance House.
- Al-Shawi, Monther. 2015. [Philosophy of political life]. 1st Edition. Baghdad: Al-Zakira house for publication and distribution.
- Amedy, Serbest Mustafa Rasheed. 2011. [The Political Opposition and Constitutional Guarantees for Its Work - A Legal, Political, Analytical, Comparative Study]. 1st Edition. Duhok: Mokiryani Foundation for Research and Publishing. Khani Press.
- Belkeziz, Abdelilah et al. 2001. [Opposition and Power in the Arab World - The Crisis of Arab Political Opposition]. 1st Edition. Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies.
- Brack, Nathalie and Weinblum, Sharon. 2011. [Political Opposition : Towards a Renewed Research Agenda] . Interdisciplinary Political Studies . Vol.1,No.1.june.
- Dillo, Stephen and Dill, Timothy. 2010. [Political Thinking, Political Theory, and Civil Society]. Translated and presented by: Rabih Wahba. 1st Edition. Cairo: National Center for Translation.
- Duvergyh, Maurice. 1992. [Political Institutions and Constitutional Law Major Political Systems]. Translated by: George Saad. 1st Edition. Beirut: University Foundation for Studies, Publishing and Distribution.
- Hay, Colin et al. 2019. [State theories and issues]. Translated by: Amin Al-Ayoubi, 1st edition. Beirut: Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies.
- Helal, Ali Al-Din. 2019. [The Transition to Democracy - What Can Arabs Benefit from the Experiences of Others?] . Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature. World of Knowledge Series 479.
- Helms, Ludger. 2021 . [Introduction: The nature of political opposition in contemporary electoral democracies and autocracies] . European Political Science . Vol.20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-021-00323-z
- Jakopovich, Dan.2008. [Revolution and the party in Gramsci's thought] . International Viewpoint Magazine.
- Kaufmann, Katharina. 2020. [Conflict in Political Liberalism: Judith Shklar’s Liberalism of Fear] . Res Publica . Vol.26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11158-020-09475-z
- McDaniel, Iain.2018. [Resistance in intellectual history and political thought] . History of European Ideas . Vol.44, Issue 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2018.1473955
- Muirhead, Russell and Rosenblum, Nancy L. 2020.alnathrah alsesah wa alelaqat. [The Political Theory of Parties and Partisanship] . California: Annual Review of Political Science. Vol. 23, May. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-041916-020727
- O'Donnell, Gilmer and Schmitter, Philip S. 2007. [Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Preliminary Conclusions on Uncertain Democracies]. Translated by: Salah Taqi Al-Din. 1st edition. Baghdad: Institute for Strategic Studies.
- Russell, Bertrand. 1961. [power and the individual]. Translated by: Shaher Al-Hamoud. 1st edition. Beirut: Al-Talee'ah house.
- Shkel, Stanislav and Shakirova, Elvira. 2014 . [Political Opposition in the Hybrid Regime: The Post-Soviet Russia Experience] .Social Science Research Network.
- Tawfiq, Ashraf Mustafa. [opposition]. Cairo: Al-Araby for publishing and distribution.
- Telega, Christian. 2016. [Political Psychology - Critical Insights]. Translated by: Osama Al-Ghazouli. Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature. World of Knowledge Series 436.
- Voinea, Camelia Florela.2020. [Political culture research: dilemmas and trends]. Quality & Quantity . Vol.54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00943-0
- Zureiq, Burhan. 2008.ahtemalat wa mekaneat alhoreah wa aldemokrteah. [The possibilities and mechanism of freedom and democracy in the current Arab renaissance project - a forward-looking vision]. 1st edition. Damascus: Aladdin House for publication, distribution and translation.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal Policies
All articles published in the International and Political Journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This means that the Authors can:
The journal allows reuse and remixing of content in accordance with a Creative Commons license.
Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Policy of publishing in The International and Political Journal
The journal is committed to the ethics of scientific publishing, and according to the publication ethics report of the journal.
The decision to publish is based on the value of the scientific research, to what extent it meets the conditions of publication approved, the declared policy of the journal, and its specialty.
It is based on the principles of the scientific honesty, and originality of research submitted for publication. It deals with the names of reviewers and their reports with great confidentiality.
The opinions published in the journal reflect the views of the authors, and not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board.
The journal does not adhere to the publication of whatever comes to it. The time and place of publication are subject to technical considerations adopted in the editorial plan of the journal.
The journal does not abide to return the research papers to their owners whether accepted for publication or not.
The researcher is to be provided with the acceptance of publication within about 24 WEEKS. As for publication, the editorial board reserves its right in priority of publishing. The arrangement of the research papers in the same issue is subject to technical standards.
Diversify of publishing papers from solid universities and scientific centers from inside and outside Iraq is preferable.
The journal maintains hard copies and electronic archive of the published issues in addition to the publication of the research papers.
The journal also publishes the issues electronically through the website of the journal, and the official website of the Iraqi academic journals, and makes it possible to download. Thus, documenting the intellectual property of the research papers and publishing them internationally is achieved.
Terms of publication may be modified when necessary with no previous notice.
The researcher obtains a copy of his research paper. If he wishes to buy acopy of the journal, the volume costs ID 10000 from inside Iraq and $8from the outside.
The Editorial Board considers that the researcher who submits his research paper for publication in the journal has already read the terms and conditions of publication and agreed on them.
The journal publishes the research papers of the postgraduate students in special issues for this purpose.
Stages of editing and publishing:
The researcher undertakes that his research has never been published before, and has not been submitted for publication to other sides until the end of the evaluation procedures and the acceptance of publication in the journal.
The research papers submitted for publication are to subjected for preliminary examination by the editorial board to determine their suitability for the journal specialization, its policy and the safety of scientific research procedures, and then to indicate its eligibility for scientific evaluation. The editorial board may apologize for accepting the research all together or require the researcher to amend it in accordance with the journal policy before sending it to editors.
After conducting the scientific evaluation, the research paper returns back to the researcher to make the required amendments within a maximum of two weeks.
A copy of the final research paper is to be submitted to the secretariat of the journal a hard copy and a soft copy on a CD, in both Word and PDF format. The researcher is fully responsible for the typing and linguistic mistakes after submitting the full research paper on a CD.
Plagiarism checker
All research papers are subjected to Turnitin program to uncover plagiarism before being sent to scientific evaluation. The researcher undertakes a written pledge to take the legal and moral responsibility, in the event of the emergence of plagiarism or taking from the efforts of other researchers, without a reference to them. The journal uses appropriate anti-plagiarism software, such as Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct
The Journal shall take reasonable and serious steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication.
Scientific Evaluation:
Scientific evaluation strengthens the research paper submitted to the journal and helps to take the appropriate decision by the editorial board to publish it. It also benefits the researchers to improve and correct their research papers.
The research paper is sent to three evaluators in the same specialty to evaluate