Drones and their Role in the Evolution of Generations of War
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i56.246Keywords:
Drones, Balances, Generations of War, Hybrid WarsAbstract
This research addresses a group of important issues related to drones that made a new revolution in modern warfare. These drones represent a new method of inflicting the largest losses on the enemy’s ranks, at low costs and without loss of pilots or aircraft.
We discussed how the countries that possess these weapons, despite their small size, were able to find new balances that could soon portend the possibility of achieving larger and deeper balances with the major powers. What these aircraft achieved, for instance, in the wars of Yemen, Azerbaijan, Ethiopia, and others, can give a clear idea about this weapon, which represented a new military revolution capable of achieving strategic goals without losses
References
كريفلد ، مارتن فان. 1995. حرب المستقبل. القاهرة: ترجمة السيد عطا.ص52.
أبو خزام ، ابراهيم . 1999.الحروب وتوازن القوى،ط1. بيروت: ص15.
ج.ف.س ، فوللر.1981. ادارة الحرب من عام1789 حتى ايامنا هذه، ترجمة اكرم الديري.بيروت: داراليقظة،ص92.
جاستون ، بول. 1983. الحرب والمجتمع، تحليل اجتماعي للحروب، ترجمة عباس الشربيني. بيروت: دار النهضة،ص42.
الليثي ، علياء محمود .2019.الاتجاهات الحديثة في نظرية الحروب 2001-2014. الجزائر: ص161.
الخوري، اميل . 2016. صراعات الجيل الخامس. بيروت،ط1، ص33 .
الحلبي، هشام . 2020. حروب الجيل الرابع. مركز الامارات للدراسات والبحوث الاستراتيجية،ابو ظبي،ط1،ص7.
نوري، صباح . 2020. حروب الطائرات المسيرة بدون طيار،ط1،عمان،ص18 .
بنجامن، ميديا. 2014 ."حرب الطائرات بدون طيار: القتل بالتحكم عن بعد"، ترجمة أيهم الصباغ. منتدى العلاقات العربية والدولية، الدوحة ، ص21.
شميت، فابيان، و علي المخالفي . 2013. "كيف تعمل الطائرات من دون طيار"، راديو صوت ألمانيا (DW (Welle Deutsche كانون الثاني 2013. https://www.dw.com 2019 أيار 16.
الحربي، محمد صالح. 2019 ."الدرون: سالح »الجيل الثالث« في الحروب"، صحيفة الشرق األوسط، .15 أيار 2019 . https://aawsat.com/home/article/
جمال، إسماعيل. 2019. "تركيا تصدر الطائرات العسكرية بدون طيار بعد أن كانت »تتوسل« أمريكا وإسرائيل لشرائها"، القدس العربي14. كانون الثاني 2019. https://www.alquds.co.uk .
الذهب ،علي.2019. الدور الاستراتيجي للطائرات المسيرة والطائرات الخفية في الحروب المستقبلية وكيفية مواجهتها، ص14-20.
كوكَر، إرم .2020. "قره باغ الجبلية: ما دور الطائرات المسيرة İHA وSİHA، وكيف أكسبت ميزةً لأذربيجان؟"، BBC، 12 نوفمبر 2020 https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-54917938
الذهب، علي.2016. "الاستراتيجية العسكرية للحوثيين: مكامن القوة والضعف ومنعطفات التحُّول". مركز الجزيرة للدراسات .21 آذار 2016. http://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/reports/2019/03/clone.
المصادر باللغة الانكليزية :
Krefeld, Martin Fan. 1995. harb almustaqbili [Future War]. Cairo: Translated by Mr. Atta, pg. 52.
Abu Khuzam, Ibrahim. 1999. alhurub watawazun alquaa [Wars and the Balance of Power], 1st edition. Beirut: p. 15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMCS/2016/24352
J.F.S., Fuller.1981. adarat alharb min eam1789 hataa ayamuna hadhihi [war management from 1789 to the present day], translated by Akram Al-Dairi. Beirut: Dar Al-Vigilance, p. 92.
Gaston, Paul. 1983. alharb walmujtamaei [War and Society, A Social Analysis of Wars], translated by Abbas El-Sherbiny. Beirut: Dar Al-Nahda, pg. 42.
Al-Laithi, Alia Mahmoud. 2019. aliatijahat alhadithat fi nazariat alhurub 2001-2014 [Modern Trends in War Theory 2001-2014]. Algeria: p. 161.
Al-Khoury, Emile. 2016. siraeat aljil alkhamisi [Fifth Generation Struggles]. Beirut, 1st edition, p. 33.
Al-Halabi, Hisham. 2020. Fourth Generation Wars. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 1st Edition, p. 7.
Nuri, Sabah. 2020. hurub altaayirat almasirat bidun tayarin [Drone wars], 1st edition, Amman, p. 18.
Benjamin, Medea. 2014. “Drone Warfare: Killing by Remote Control,” translated by Ayham Al-Sabbagh. Arab and International Relations Forum, Doha, p. 21.
Schmidt, Fabian, and Ali Al-Makhlafi. 2013. “How Drones Work.” DW Radio Deutsche (Welle Deutsche). January 2013. https://www.dw.com. May 16, 2019.
Al-Harbi, Muhammad Salih. 2019. “Drones: A “Third Generation” Weapon in Wars,” Asharq Al-Awsat Newspaper, May 15, 2019. https://aawsat.com/home/article /
Jamal, Ismail. 2019. “Turkey exports military drones after it was “begging” America and Israel to buy them. Al-Quds Al-Arabi 14. January 2019. https://www.alquds.co.uk.
Gold, Ali. 2019. The strategic role of drones and stealth aircraft in future wars and how to confront them, pp. 14-20.
Coker, Erm. 2020. “Nagorno-Karabakh: What is the role of İHA and SİHA drones, and how did they gain an advantage for Azerbaijan?” BBC, November 12, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-54917938
Hedley Bull,The Anarchical Society-AStudy of in World Politics (London:The Macmillan Press Ltd.,1977),184.
Rassler, D .2016. Remotely piloted innovation: Terrorism, drones and supportive technology. US Military Academy-Combating Terrorism Center West Point United States.
Lubold, G., & Harris, S. (2017)." Trump broadens CIA powers, allows deadly drone strikes". Wall Street Journal, 13.
Wallace, Dave, & Reeves, Shane. 2013. Non-State Armed Groups and Technology: The Humanitarian Tragedy at Our Doorstep. Nat'l Sec. & Armed Conflict L. Rev., 3, 26.
Arasli, Jahangir. 2011. States vs. Non-State Actors: Asymmetric Conflict of the 21st Century and Challenges to Military Transformation. The Instiute for Near East and Culf Military Analysis, March 2011,4-8.
Gatopoulos, Alex. 2020. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is ushering in a new age of warfare. Al Jazeera, October 11, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/11/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-ushering-in-new-age-of-warfare.
Bershidsky, Leonid. 2020. "Drones Have Raised the Odds and Risks of Small Wars". Bloomberg, (November 30, 2020), https://www. bloomberg. com/opinion/articles/2020-11-30/drones-haveraised-the-odds-and-risks-of-small-wars.
Kinik, H., & Çelik, S. (2021). The Role of Turkish Drones in Azerbaijan’s Increasing Military Effectiveness. Insight Turkey, 23(4), 169-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2021234.10
Synovitz, Ron. 2020. Technology, tactics, and Turkish advice lead Azerbaijan to victory in Nagorno-Karabakh. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 13.
Ruslan Rehimov.2020.“$4.8B Worth of Armenian Arms Destroyed in Karabakh War,” Anadolu Agency, December 5, 2020. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/-48b-worth-of-armenian-arms-destroyed-in-karabakh-war/2066685
Shaikh, Shaan, & Rumbaugh, Wes. 2020. The air and missile war in Nagorno-Karabakh: Lessons for the future of strike and defense. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 8.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal Policies
All articles published in the International and Political Journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This means that the Authors can:
The journal allows reuse and remixing of content in accordance with a Creative Commons license.
Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Policy of publishing in The International and Political Journal
The journal is committed to the ethics of scientific publishing, and according to the publication ethics report of the journal.
The decision to publish is based on the value of the scientific research, to what extent it meets the conditions of publication approved, the declared policy of the journal, and its specialty.
It is based on the principles of the scientific honesty, and originality of research submitted for publication. It deals with the names of reviewers and their reports with great confidentiality.
The opinions published in the journal reflect the views of the authors, and not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board.
The journal does not adhere to the publication of whatever comes to it. The time and place of publication are subject to technical considerations adopted in the editorial plan of the journal.
The journal does not abide to return the research papers to their owners whether accepted for publication or not.
The researcher is to be provided with the acceptance of publication within about 24 WEEKS. As for publication, the editorial board reserves its right in priority of publishing. The arrangement of the research papers in the same issue is subject to technical standards.
Diversify of publishing papers from solid universities and scientific centers from inside and outside Iraq is preferable.
The journal maintains hard copies and electronic archive of the published issues in addition to the publication of the research papers.
The journal also publishes the issues electronically through the website of the journal, and the official website of the Iraqi academic journals, and makes it possible to download. Thus, documenting the intellectual property of the research papers and publishing them internationally is achieved.
Terms of publication may be modified when necessary with no previous notice.
The researcher obtains a copy of his research paper. If he wishes to buy acopy of the journal, the volume costs ID 10000 from inside Iraq and $8from the outside.
The Editorial Board considers that the researcher who submits his research paper for publication in the journal has already read the terms and conditions of publication and agreed on them.
The journal publishes the research papers of the postgraduate students in special issues for this purpose.
Stages of editing and publishing:
The researcher undertakes that his research has never been published before, and has not been submitted for publication to other sides until the end of the evaluation procedures and the acceptance of publication in the journal.
The research papers submitted for publication are to subjected for preliminary examination by the editorial board to determine their suitability for the journal specialization, its policy and the safety of scientific research procedures, and then to indicate its eligibility for scientific evaluation. The editorial board may apologize for accepting the research all together or require the researcher to amend it in accordance with the journal policy before sending it to editors.
After conducting the scientific evaluation, the research paper returns back to the researcher to make the required amendments within a maximum of two weeks.
A copy of the final research paper is to be submitted to the secretariat of the journal a hard copy and a soft copy on a CD, in both Word and PDF format. The researcher is fully responsible for the typing and linguistic mistakes after submitting the full research paper on a CD.
Plagiarism checker
All research papers are subjected to Turnitin program to uncover plagiarism before being sent to scientific evaluation. The researcher undertakes a written pledge to take the legal and moral responsibility, in the event of the emergence of plagiarism or taking from the efforts of other researchers, without a reference to them. The journal uses appropriate anti-plagiarism software, such as Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct
The Journal shall take reasonable and serious steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication.
Scientific Evaluation:
Scientific evaluation strengthens the research paper submitted to the journal and helps to take the appropriate decision by the editorial board to publish it. It also benefits the researchers to improve and correct their research papers.
The research paper is sent to three evaluators in the same specialty to evaluate