Challenges of rebuilding the Russian state under President Vladimir Putin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i55.168Keywords:
State Building,, Internal Challenges, External Challenges, President Putin, RussiaAbstract
The process of rebuilding the Russian state under President Vladimir Putin faced a set of internal and external challenges that had negative and serious repercussions and effects on the future of Russia. This study proceeds from the hypothesis that the effective political leadership of President Putin is the main pillar in the process of rebuilding the Russian state, and the main driver that helped the state to get out of the phase of failure and collapse to the phase of success and stability. This study aims to show the possibility and ability of the Russian state to overcome crises and challenges in order to assume the position of the superpower, and the need to face challenges which represent danger and negative effects on society. This study used a variety of methodologies such as the descriptive analytical approach and the case analysis approach to address and acquire knowledge in all aspects related to the topic. The study concluded that the Putin experience is a unique and distinctive experience at the global level because it caused great developments in the Russian power despite the internal and external challenges. Moreover, it is considered as an approved approach in the Russian leadership which affects the internal and external policies.
References
احمد, صافيناز محمد. 2023. "الازمة السورية والحرب على اوكرانيا: الانعكاسات والمالات." مركز الاهرام للدراسات السياسية والاستراتيجية. 23 فبراير. http://acpss.ahram.oeg.eg.
اسكندر, مروان. 2010. روسيا الاتحادية القوة الصاعدة: مقومات القوة ونقاط الضعف. بيروت: رياض الريس للكتب والنشر.
الاحمر, محمد اكرم. 2010. الجغرافية السياسية. دمشق: منشورات جامعة دمشق.
الاصفهاني, نبيه. 2002. "ابعاد التقارب الروسي_ الامريكي بعد احداث 11 ايلول." مجلة السياسة الدولية (العدد147): ص119.
الزعبي, موسى. 2004. الجيوسياسية والعلاقات الدولية. دمشق: منشورات وزارة الثقافة.
العطاونة, ناريمان جبر. 2017. تقرير حول الازمة السورية تحليل جبوليتكي استراتيجي. قسم الجغرافية، الجامعة الاسلامية، كلية الآداب، ص 2.
العنزي, علي. 2010. "التحولات الاستراتيجية في الفضاء الروسي." صحيفة الحياة ص4.
ألكاشينكو, سيرجي. 2022. ما مقدار الضرر الذي ستلحقه العقوبات بروسيا؟ العقوبات ستؤذي روسيا العادية ، الخفافيش لن تنهار الاقتصاد الروسي. http://www.aljazeera.com.
النجار, هشام. 2016. سوريا والتحولات الكبرى: مشكلات الوطن العربي، ط1. دمشق: مستقبل العرب للنشر والتوزيع.
اوتشوا, بايلو. 2022. الحرب في اوكرانيا. 20 نيسان . https://www.bbc.com/arabic/world-61149151.
بوغدانوفا إلينا. 2017. "تنظيم الدولة للمنظمات غير الحكومية: قوة وضعف المجتمع المدني الروسي. مقدمة." Laboratorium.
بيان, نعمت. 2022. الحرب الروسية الاوكرانية وتداعياتها الاقتصادية.على الرابط http://uabonline.org.
ترويتسكايا, جوليا. 2023. "توقعات ومخاوف الروس." المستقبل للأبحاث والدراسات المتقدمة. 21 يناير .
تقرير الامانة العامة لمنظمة الشفافية الدولية في برلين، مؤشرات مدركات الفساد في روسيا, 2022 , على الرابط https://transparency.org.ru/research/indeks-vospriyatiya-korruptsii
حسين, احمد سيد. 2015. كتاب دور القيادة السياسية في إعادة بناء الدولة روسيا في عهد بوتين. بيروت: مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية.
حلوم, منذر بدر. 2013. مكافحة الفساد في روسيا امام عتبة جديدة. 22 10. http://arab.vbth.ru/poitics/2013/10/2289.htm.
خالد هاشم محمد،. 2022. العقوبات الدولية على روسيا الفاعلية والتأثير، ط1. مركز الرافدين للحوار.
دياب, احمد. 2005. "امريكا وروسيا حدود الاختلاف وافاق التعاون." مجلة السياسة الدولية (العدد160): ص163.
شلال, فيصل عباس. 2022. الحرب الروسية الاوكرانية وتأثيرها في مستقبل النظام الدولي. جامعة بغداد، بغداد: كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة، ص5،7.
صحيفة الاندبندنت. 2022. بيانات صادمة تكشف عن حجم خسائر روسيا من العقوبات الغربية. 16 9. http://www.independentarabia/node.
عبدالعاطي, عمرو. 2022. "كيف تتعامل الولايات المتحدة مع العمليات العسكرية الروسية في اوكرانيا؟" الاهرام للدراسات السياسية والاسترتيجية. http://24.pw/XWIG.
عبدالله, اشرف محمد. 2019. "الثورة والتحول الديمقراطي في دول الموجة الرابعة للديمقراطية." مجلة بحوث الشرق الاوسط (العدد38): ص87.
عرفات, ابراهيم. 2001. روسيا تنقرض. اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة: مركز الاهرام للدراسات والبحوث.
عواد, عامر هاشم. 2010. "تطور وتحول العلاقات الروسية الامريكية." المجلة العربية للعلوم السياسية (الجمعية العربية للعلوم السياسية) (العدد 26): ص1.
الدخاخني , فتحية. 2022. العقوبات على روسيا نطاقات متسعة وتأثير متباين. http://aawsat.com/home/article/3522031.
الصوراني , فهيم. 2023. كيف ستواجه روسيا العقوبات الجديدة. 27 شباط. http://www.aljazeera.net/amp/ebusiness/2023/2/7.
كلاين, إدوارد. 2020. محاربة الفساد: الكثير من اللغط حول لا شيء. http://putin.dekoder.org/korrupciya.
كيسنجر, هنري. 2015. النظام العالمي تأملات حول طلائع الامم ومسار التاريخ، ترجمة: فاضل جتكر، ط1. بيروت: دار الكتاب العربي.
—. 2003. هل تحتاج اوكرانيا الى سياسية خارجية نحو دبلوماسية القرن الحادي والعشرين، ترجمة: عمر الايوبي، ط2. بيروت: دار الكتاب العربي.
لاتوخينا, كيرا. 2021. وافق فلاديمير بوتين على خطة مكافحة الفساد لعام 2021-2024. 16 8. https://rg.ru/2021/08/16/.
لطفي, معالي محمد. 2022. "التدخل الروسي في سوريا الدوافع والمالات." جامعة القاهرة , كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية، ص 495_499.
مانع, افتكار. 2015. الفساد ينهش اقتصاد روسيا. 27 12. http://www.aljazeera.net/amp/ebusiness.
محمود, احمد جلال. 2022. "السياسة الامريكية تجاه التدخل العسكري الروسي في اوكرانيا وانعكاساتها على حلف الناتو." مجلة السياسة والاقتصاد (العدد16): ص 425-426.
مرهون, عبد الجليل زيد. 2023. "روسيا في مواجهة الازمة السكانية." 10 شباط. http://www.alriyadh.com.
مصليحي, فتحي محمد. 2008. جغرافية اسيا من منظور جغرافي وتنموي. القاهرة: دار الماجد للنشر والتوزيع.
مهدي, مكاوي. 2005. روسيا بوتين....السعي وراء المكانة المفقودة، التقرير الاستراتيجي العربي. القاهرة: مركز الدراسات السياسية والاستراتيجية.
مؤسسة كارنيغي للسلام. 2009. "لماذا غير اوباما استراتيجية الدفاع الصاروخي؟" مجلة الراي الاخر اللبنانية (العدد37): ص5.
المصادر باللغة الانكليزية :
Ahmed, Safinaz Mohamed. 2023. “The Syrian Crisis and the War on Ukraine: Implications and Fate.” Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies. Feb 23. http://acpss.ahram.oeg.eg.
Iskandar, Marwan. 2010. rusia aliaitihadiat alquat alsaaeidata: muqawimat alquat waniqat aldueufi [The Russian Federation, the Rising Power: Strengths and Weaknesses]. Beirut: Riyad Al Rayes Books and Publishing.
Al-Ahmar, Muhammad Akram. 2010. aljughrafiat alsiyasiatu [Geopolitics]. Damascus: Damascus University Publications.
Al-Isfahani, Nabih. 2002. “Dimensions of the Russian-American Rapprochement After 9/11.” International Policy Journal (Issue 147): p. 119.
Al-Zoubi, Musa. 2004. aljiusiasiat walealaqat alduwliatu [Geopolitics and International Relations]. Damascus: Publications of the Ministry of Culture.
Al-Atawneh, Nariman Jabr. 2017. A report on the Syrian crisis, a geopolitical strategic analysis. Department of Geography, Islamic University, Faculty of Arts, p. 2.
Al-Enezi, Ali. 2010. “Strategic Shifts in Russian Space.” Al-Hayat newspaper, p. 4.
Alkachenko, Sergey. 2022. How much damage will sanctions do to Russia? Sanctions will hurt normal Russia, the bat will not collapse the Russian economy. http://www.aljazeera.com.
Al-Najjar, Hisham. 2016. suria waltahawulat alkubraa: mushkilat alwatan alearabii, ta1 [Syria and the Great Transformations: Problems of the Arab World, 1st edition]. Damascus: The Future of the Arabs for Publishing and Distribution.
Ochoa, Baelo. 2022. "The war in Ukraine". April 20th. https://www.bbc.com/arabic/world-61149151.
Bogdanova Elena. 2017. “State Regulation of NGOs: The Strength and Weakness of Russian Civil Society. Introduction.” Laboratorium. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25285/2078-1938-2017-9-3-5-10
Statement, grace. 2022. "The Russian-Ukrainian War and Its Economic Implications". http://uabonline.org.
Troitskaya, Julia. 2023. “Russian Expectations and Fears.” Future Research and Advanced Studies. January 21.
Report of the General Secretariat of Transparency International in Berlin, Indicators of Corruption Perceptions in Russia, 2022, available at https://transparency.org.ru/research/indeks-vospriyatiya-korruptsii
Hussein, Ahmed Sayed. 2015. kitab dawr alqiadat alsiyasiat fi 'iieadat bina' aldawlat rusia fi eahd butin [The role of political leadership in rebuilding the state, Russia under Putin]. Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies.
Halloum, Monther Badr. 2013. Anti-corruption in Russia faces a new threshold. 22 10. http://arab.vbth.ru/poitics/2013/10/2289.htm.
Khaled Hashem Muhammad. 2022. aleuqubat alduwaliat ealaa rusia alfaeiliat waltaathir, ta1 [International Sanctions on Russia’s Effectiveness and Influence, 1st ed]. Al-Rafidain Center for Dialogue.
Diab, Ahmed. 2005. “America and Russia: Limits of Difference and Prospects of Cooperation.” International Policy Journal (Issue 160): p. 163.
Shalal, Faisal Abbas. 2022. The Russian-Ukrainian war and its impact on the future of the international system. Baghdad University, Baghdad: College of Education for Pure Sciences, pp. 5, 7.
The Independent. 2022. "Shocking data revealing the extent of Russia's losses from Western sanctions". 16 9. http://www.independentarabia/node.
Abdel-Aty, Amr. 2022. “How is the United States dealing with Russia's military operations in Ukraine?” Al-Ahram for political and strategic studies. http://24.pw/XWIG.
Abdullah, Ashraf Muhammad. 2019. “Revolution and Democratic Transition in the Fourth Wave of Democracy Countries.” Middle East Research Journal (Issue 38): p. 87.
Arafat, Ibrahim. 2001. rusia tanqaridu [Russia is becoming extinct]. Cairo: Al-Ahram Center for Studies and Research.
Awwad, Amer Hashem. 2010. “The Evolution and Transformation of Russian-American Relations.” The Arab Journal of Political Science (The Arab Society for Political Science) (Issue 26): p.1.
El-Dakhakhny, Fathia. 2022. "Sanctions against Russia are broad in scope and have mixed impact". http://aawsat.com/home/article/3522031.
Sourani, Fahim. 2023. "How will Russia face the new sanctions. February 27th". http://www.aljazeera.net/amp/ebusiness/2023/2/7.
Klayin, Edward. 2020. "Fighting Corruption: Much Ado About Nothing". http://putin.dekoder.org/korrupciya.
Kissinger, Henry. 2015. The World Order: Reflections on the Vanguards of Nations and the Course of History, Translated by: Fadel Jataker, 1st edition. Beirut: Arab Book House.
—. 2003. Does Ukraine need a foreign policy towards diplomacy of the twenty-first century? Translated by: Omar Al-Ayoubi, 2nd edition. Beirut: Arab Book House.
Latukhena, Kira. 2021. "Vladimir Putin approved the anti-corruption plan for 2021-2024". 16 8. https://rg.ru/2021/08/16/.
Lutfi, His Excellency Muhammad. 2022. “Russian Intervention in Syria Motives and Money.” Cairo University, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, pp. 495_499.
mind, thought. 2015. "Corruption is eating away at Russia's economy". 27 12. http://www.aljazeera.net/amp/ebusiness. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0116-12a
Mahmoud, Ahmed Jalal. 2022. “US Policy Towards Russia’s Military Intervention in Ukraine and Its Implications for NATO.” Politics and Economics Journal (Issue 16): pp. 425-426.
Marhoon, Abdel Jalil Zaid. 2023. “Russia Facing the Population Crisis.” February 10th. http://www.alriyadh.com.
Moslehi, Fathi Mohamed. 2008. jughrafiat asia min manzur jughrafiin watanmwi [The Geography of Asia from a Geographical and Developmental Perspective]. Cairo: Dar Al-Majid for publication and distribution.
Mahdi, Makkawi. 2005. rusia butin....alsaey wara' almakanat almafqudati, altaqrir alastiratijiu alearabiu [Putin's Russia .. The Quest for the Lost Prestige, Arab Strategic Report]. Cairo: Center for Political and Strategic Studies.
Carnegie Endowment for Peace. 2009. “Why Did Obama Change the Missile Defense Strategy?” The Lebanese Al-Rai Al-Akhar Journal (Issue 37): p.5.
Central Rsia. 2023. the world factbook. India: central intelligence agency(CIA). http://www.cia.gov/libary/publications/the_world_factbook/geos/vs.htm1.
Daniels, Robert. 2000. Russia Democratic Dictatorship. Vol. vo1.47, p.10. , Dissent.
kuchins, Andrew c. 2006. Russia Democracy and Civil society: Back to the commission on security and cooperation . Europe: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. http://www.cargeieendowment.org/files/helcommtestimony.pdf.
Michael Mcfaul ,and Kathryn Stoner;. 2008. "Weiss the Myth of Authoritarian model: how putting crackdown holds Russia badem2008." carnegieendowment. https://carnegieendowment.org/2008.
Russia federation. 2016. world statistics pocketbook. New York: United Nations.
Sysoyera, Lubor S. 2008. "Russia Democracy in the Vacuum of civil society." Santalka. Feb 8. https://carnegieendowment.org.
A.GALKIN , Yu. KRASIN. 1966. Civil Society in Russia: weaknesses of hope. https://i--sng-ru.translate.goog/observer/observer.
Aslund, Ander. 2004. Russia Capitalist Revolution: Why Market Reform Succeeded and Democracy Failed? New york: KENNAN INSTITUTE.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal Policies
All articles published in the International and Political Journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This means that the Authors can:
The journal allows reuse and remixing of content in accordance with a Creative Commons license.
Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Policy of publishing in The International and Political Journal
The journal is committed to the ethics of scientific publishing, and according to the publication ethics report of the journal.
The decision to publish is based on the value of the scientific research, to what extent it meets the conditions of publication approved, the declared policy of the journal, and its specialty.
It is based on the principles of the scientific honesty, and originality of research submitted for publication. It deals with the names of reviewers and their reports with great confidentiality.
The opinions published in the journal reflect the views of the authors, and not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board.
The journal does not adhere to the publication of whatever comes to it. The time and place of publication are subject to technical considerations adopted in the editorial plan of the journal.
The journal does not abide to return the research papers to their owners whether accepted for publication or not.
The researcher is to be provided with the acceptance of publication within about 24 WEEKS. As for publication, the editorial board reserves its right in priority of publishing. The arrangement of the research papers in the same issue is subject to technical standards.
Diversify of publishing papers from solid universities and scientific centers from inside and outside Iraq is preferable.
The journal maintains hard copies and electronic archive of the published issues in addition to the publication of the research papers.
The journal also publishes the issues electronically through the website of the journal, and the official website of the Iraqi academic journals, and makes it possible to download. Thus, documenting the intellectual property of the research papers and publishing them internationally is achieved.
Terms of publication may be modified when necessary with no previous notice.
The researcher obtains a copy of his research paper. If he wishes to buy acopy of the journal, the volume costs ID 10000 from inside Iraq and $8from the outside.
The Editorial Board considers that the researcher who submits his research paper for publication in the journal has already read the terms and conditions of publication and agreed on them.
The journal publishes the research papers of the postgraduate students in special issues for this purpose.
Stages of editing and publishing:
The researcher undertakes that his research has never been published before, and has not been submitted for publication to other sides until the end of the evaluation procedures and the acceptance of publication in the journal.
The research papers submitted for publication are to subjected for preliminary examination by the editorial board to determine their suitability for the journal specialization, its policy and the safety of scientific research procedures, and then to indicate its eligibility for scientific evaluation. The editorial board may apologize for accepting the research all together or require the researcher to amend it in accordance with the journal policy before sending it to editors.
After conducting the scientific evaluation, the research paper returns back to the researcher to make the required amendments within a maximum of two weeks.
A copy of the final research paper is to be submitted to the secretariat of the journal a hard copy and a soft copy on a CD, in both Word and PDF format. The researcher is fully responsible for the typing and linguistic mistakes after submitting the full research paper on a CD.
Plagiarism checker
All research papers are subjected to Turnitin program to uncover plagiarism before being sent to scientific evaluation. The researcher undertakes a written pledge to take the legal and moral responsibility, in the event of the emergence of plagiarism or taking from the efforts of other researchers, without a reference to them. The journal uses appropriate anti-plagiarism software, such as Turnitin to check for plagiarism.
Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct
The Journal shall take reasonable and serious steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred, including plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication.
Scientific Evaluation:
Scientific evaluation strengthens the research paper submitted to the journal and helps to take the appropriate decision by the editorial board to publish it. It also benefits the researchers to improve and correct their research papers.
The research paper is sent to three evaluators in the same specialty to evaluate
